ID   NS7A_SARS2              Reviewed;         121 AA.
AC   P0DTC7;
DT   22-APR-2020, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   22-APR-2020, sequence version 1.
DT   27-MAR-2024, entry version 19.
DE   RecName: Full=ORF7a protein;
DE            Short=ORF7a;
DE   AltName: Full=Accessory protein 7a;
DE   AltName: Full=Protein U122;
DE   AltName: Full=Protein X4;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   ORFNames=7a;
OS   Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV) (SARS-CoV-2).
OC   Viruses; Riboviria; Orthornavirae; Pisuviricota; Pisoniviricetes;
OC   Nidovirales; Cornidovirineae; Coronaviridae; Orthocoronavirinae;
OC   Betacoronavirus; Sarbecovirus;
OC   Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=2697049;
OH   NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human).
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC RNA].
RX   PubMed=32015508; DOI=10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3;
RA   Wu F., Zhao S., Yu B., Chen Y.-M., Wang W., Song Z.-G., Hu Y., Tao Z.-W.,
RA   Tian J.-H., Pei Y.-Y., Yuan M.-L., Zhang Y.-L., Dai F.-H., Liu Y.,
RA   Wang Q.-M., Zheng J.-J., Xu L., Holmes E.C., Zhang Y.-Z.;
RT   "A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.";
RL   Nature 579:265-269(2020).
RN   [2]
RP   VARIANT ILE-14.
RC   STRAIN=20B/501Y.V1, B.1.1.7, VOC-202012/01, and VUI-202012/01;
RX   PubMed=33413740; DOI=10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.26.1.2002106;
RA   Leung K., Shum M.H., Leung G.M., Lam T.T., Wu J.T.;
RT   "Early transmissibility assessment of the N501Y mutant strains of SARS-CoV-
RT   2 in the United Kingdom, October to November 2020.";
RL   Eurosurveillance 26:0-0(2021).
RN   [3]
RP   FUNCTION, UBIQUITINATION AT LYS-119, AND MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-2; LYS-32;
RP   LYS-53; LYS-72; LYS-85; LYS-117 AND LYS-119.
RX   PubMed=33473190; DOI=10.1038/s41423-020-00603-6;
RA   Cao Z., Xia H., Rajsbaum R., Xia X., Wang H., Shi P.Y.;
RT   "Ubiquitination of SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a promotes antagonism of interferon
RT   response.";
RL   Cell. Mol. Immunol. 18:746-748(2021).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION, INTERACTION WITH HOST BST2, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION.
RX   PubMed=33930332; DOI=10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.008;
RA   Martin-Sancho L., Lewinski M.K., Pache L., Stoneham C.A., Yin X.,
RA   Becker M.E., Pratt D., Churas C., Rosenthal S.B., Liu S., Weston S.,
RA   De Jesus P.D., O'Neill A.M., Gounder A.P., Nguyen C., Pu Y., Curry H.M.,
RA   Oom A.L., Miorin L., Rodriguez-Frandsen A., Zheng F., Wu C., Xiong Y.,
RA   Urbanowski M., Shaw M.L., Chang M.W., Benner C., Hope T.J., Frieman M.B.,
RA   Garcia-Sastre A., Ideker T., Hultquist J.F., Guatelli J., Chanda S.K.;
RT   "Functional landscape of SARS-CoV-2 cellular restriction.";
RL   Mol. Cell 81:2656-2668.e8(2021).
RN   [5]
RP   DISORDERED REGIONS.
RX   PubMed=35108439; DOI=10.1111/febs.16379;
RA   Quaglia F., Salladini E., Carraro M., Minervini G., Tosatto S.C.E.,
RA   Le Mercier P.;
RT   "SARS-CoV-2 variants preferentially emerge at intrinsically disordered
RT   protein sites helping immune evasion.";
RL   FEBS J. 289:4240-4250(2022).
RN   [6]
RP   FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF 117-LYS--LYS-119.
RX   PubMed=36574644; DOI=10.1073/pnas.2208525120;
RA   Arshad N., Laurent-Rolle M., Ahmed W.S., Hsu J.C., Mitchell S.M.,
RA   Pawlak J., Sengupta D., Biswas K.H., Cresswell P.;
RT   "SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to
RT   down-regulate MHC-I surface expression.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 120:e2208525120-e2208525120(2023).
RN   [7]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.90 ANGSTROMS) OF 16-82, AND DISULFIDE BOND.
RA   Nelson C.A., Minasov G., Shuvalova L., Fremont D.H.;
RT   "STRUCTURE OF THE SARS-CoV-2 ORF7A ENCODED ACCESSORY PROTEIN.";
RL   Submitted (MAR-2020) to the PDB data bank.
RN   [8]
RP   X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.20 ANGSTROMS) OF 14-96.
RX   PubMed=33615195; DOI=10.1016/j.isci.2021.102187;
RA   Zhou Z., Huang C., Zhou Z., Huang Z., Su L., Kang S., Chen X., Chen Q.,
RA   He S., Rong X., Xiao F., Chen J., Chen S.;
RT   "Structural insight reveals SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a as an immunomodulating factor
RT   for human CD14+ monocytes.";
RL   IScience 24:102187-102187(2021).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role as antagonist of host tetherin (BST2),
CC       disrupting its antiviral effect (PubMed:33930332). Acts by binding to
CC       BST2 and sequestering it to perinuclear region, thereby preventing its
CC       antiviral function at cell membrane (PubMed:33930332). May specifically
CC       downregulate MHC-I allele HLA-A*02:01 (HLA-A2)(PubMed:36574644).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33930332, ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with host BST2 (PubMed:33930332). Interacts with the
CC       spike glycoprotein (By similarity). Interacts with M protein (By
CC       similarity). Interacts with E protein (By similarity). Interacts with
CC       the ORF3a protein (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P59635,
CC       ECO:0000269|PubMed:33930332}.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       P0DTC7; PRO_0000449625 [P0DTD1]: rep; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-25475903, EBI-25475871;
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm, host perinuclear region
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33930332}. Virion {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P59635}.
CC       Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644};
CC       Single-pass membrane protein {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}. Host
CC       endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}; Single-pass type I membrane protein
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}. Host Golgi apparatus membrane
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}; Single-pass membrane protein
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644}.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: The di-lysine motif confers endoplasmic reticulum localization
CC       for type I membrane proteins. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P59635}.
CC   -!- PTM: Poly-ubiquitinated by host with K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Variant B.1.1.7 is also called Variant Of Concern (VOC)
CC       202012/01, Variant Under Investigation (VUI) 202012/01, or 20B/501Y.V1.
CC       {ECO:0000305|PubMed:33413740}.
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DR   EMBL; MN908947; QHD43421.1; -; Genomic_RNA.
DR   PDB; 6W37; X-ray; 2.90 A; A=16-82.
DR   PDB; 7CI3; X-ray; 2.20 A; A=14-96.
DR   PDBsum; 6W37; -.
DR   PDBsum; 7CI3; -.
DR   SMR; P0DTC7; -.
DR   BioGRID; 4383872; 1259.
DR   IntAct; P0DTC7; 126.
DR   MINT; P0DTC7; -.
DR   iPTMnet; P0DTC7; -.
DR   AGR; RefSeq:YP_009724395; -.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9694322; Virion Assembly and Release.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9694614; Attachment and Entry.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9705671; SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9727281; Translation of Accessory Proteins.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9733458; Induction of Cell-Cell Fusion.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-9754560; SARS-CoV-2 modulates autophagy.
DR   PRO; PR:P0DTC7; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000464024; Genome.
DR   GO; GO:0044167; C:host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0044173; C:host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0044178; C:host cell Golgi membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0044220; C:host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0055036; C:virion membrane; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0039646; P:perturbation by virus of host G0/G1 transition checkpoint; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0046776; P:suppression by virus of host antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0039587; P:suppression by virus of host tetherin activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0039502; P:suppression by virus of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   CDD; cd21684; ORF7a_SARS-CoV-2-like; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 2.60.40.1550; SARS coronavirus X4; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR044390; ORF7a_SARS-CoV-2-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR014888; ORF7a_SARS-CoV-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR044871; ORF7a_SARS-CoV-like_X4e.
DR   InterPro; IPR036495; ORF7a_sf_CoV.
DR   Pfam; PF08779; bCoV_NS7A; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF117066; Accessory protein X4 (ORF8, ORF7a); 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51919; X4E; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure; Disulfide bond;
KW   G0/G1 host cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation by virus; Host cytoplasm;
KW   Host endoplasmic reticulum; Host Golgi apparatus; Host membrane;
KW   Host-virus interaction;
KW   Inhibition of host adaptive immune response by virus;
KW   Inhibition of host innate immune response by virus;
KW   Inhibition of host MHC class I molecule presentation by virus;
KW   Inhibition of host tetherin by virus; Isopeptide bond; Membrane;
KW   Modulation of host cell cycle by virus; Reference proteome; Signal;
KW   Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; Ubl conjugation; Viral immunoevasion;
KW   Virion.
FT   SIGNAL          1..15
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   CHAIN           16..121
FT                   /note="ORF7a protein"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000449654"
FT   TRANSMEM        96..116
FT                   /note="Helical"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255"
FT   DOMAIN          16..81
FT                   /note="X4e"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01267"
FT   REGION          16..80
FT                   /note="Ig-like fold"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:36574644"
FT   REGION          83..95
FT                   /note="Disordered"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:35108439"
FT   MOTIF           117..119
FT                   /note="ER-retrieval motif"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644"
FT   DISULFID        23..58
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33615195, ECO:0000269|Ref.7"
FT   DISULFID        35..67
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33615195, ECO:0000269|Ref.7"
FT   CROSSLNK        119
FT                   /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with
FT                   G-Cter in ubiquitin)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   VARIANT         14
FT                   /note="T -> I (in strain: Alpha/B.1.1.7)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:33413740"
FT   VARIANT         82
FT                   /note="V -> A (in strain: Delta/B.1.617.2 and Kappa/
FT                   B.1.617.1)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   VARIANT         120
FT                   /note="T -> I (in strain: Delta/B.1.617.2)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   MUTAGEN         2
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         32
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         53
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         72
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         85
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         117..119
FT                   /note="KRK->ARA: Complete loss of MHC-I retention in ER."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:36574644"
FT   MUTAGEN         117
FT                   /note="K->A: No effect on ubiquitination."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   MUTAGEN         119
FT                   /note="K->A: Complete loss of ubiquitination. Partial loss
FT                   of interferon pathway inhibition."
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:33473190"
FT   STRAND          16..24
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          27..32
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          34..37
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          39..44
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          47..49
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6W37"
FT   HELIX           50..52
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          53..57
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          60..66
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
FT   STRAND          72..80
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:7CI3"
SQ   SEQUENCE   121 AA;  13744 MW;  891E7EAB9E8A5BA9 CRC64;
     MKIILFLALI TLATCELYHY QECVRGTTVL LKEPCSSGTY EGNSPFHPLA DNKFALTCFS
     TQFAFACPDG VKHVYQLRAR SVSPKLFIRQ EEVQELYSPI FLIVAAIVFI TLCFTLKRKT
     E
//